TIRESIS/Forecast/CVE-2023-33302
MEDIUM RISK

CVE-2023-33302

A buffer copy without checking size of input ('classic buffer overflow') in Fortinet FortiMail webmail and administrative interface version 6.4.0 through 6.4.4 and before 6.2.6 and FortiNDR administrative interface version 7.2.0 and before 7.1.0 allows an authenticated attacker …

SMB Attack Probability Score
26/100medium
Weighted: EPSS · CISA KEV · SMB stack prevalence · exploit maturity · CVSS vector
CVSS v3
4.7
EPSS (30d)
0.36%
SMB Exposure
46/100
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Complexity
LOW
Privileges
HIGH
🔓
SMB Impact
How this vulnerability affects a real small business
1
How this breaks an SMB

Firewall or VPN compromise gives attackers full internal network access — no further credentials needed. All connected systems are immediately at risk.

2
Typical real-world scenario

Automated scanner identifies the exposed appliance. Within hours, lateral movement begins: file servers, domain controller, and backup systems are reached.

3
Estimated downtime & cost
Est. downtime
3–7 days
Business cost range
€15K–€80K
4
What IT should check this week
Is this appliance directly internet-facing?
Is firmware/OS version patched to latest?
Are admin consoles accessible without MFA?
Is network segmentation between IT and OT/servers active?
Scenarios are generated based on software category and CVE characteristics. Cost ranges reflect SMB incidents in TIRESIS incident database.
Threat Evolution Timeline
From disclosure to predicted exploitation — 3 events
◈ 1 predicted
📋
31 Mar 2025
Vulnerability disclosed
CVE published by NVD with CVSS 4.7 (MEDIUM)
📍
TODAY
Today
EPSS: 0.4% probability of exploitation in next 30 days. SMB Risk Score: 26/100
Forecast →
✅
29 Jun 2026◈ predicted · in 60 days
Predicted: widespread patch adoption
Low EPSS suggests limited active exploitation. Most organizations expected to patch in routine maintenance cycle.
◈ Predicted eventsare estimates based on EPSS score, exploit maturity, and historical CVE progression patterns. They are not guaranteed outcomes.
Affected Products
fortindrfortimail
Remediation & References
What to do
📋Apply vendor patch as part of regular maintenancelow

No specific emergency mitigations required. Apply the available patch during your next scheduled maintenance window and verify the update was applied successfully.

NVD Full Entry ↗Official vulnerability detail, CVSS vectors, CPE listEPSS Score ↗Exploit Prediction Scoring System — FIRST.orgMitre CVE ↗MITRE CVE Program official entry
Vendor & Exploit References
Scoring Methodology

SMB Attack Probability Score weights: EPSS exploit likelihood (35%), CISA KEV active exploitation (25%), SMB stack prevalence (20%), exploit maturity (10%), CVSS network vector complexity (10%). Impact scenarios are derived from software category and historical SMB incident patterns. Scores recompute daily.