TIRESIS/Forecast/CVE-2025-20177
LOW RISK

CVE-2025-20177

A vulnerability in the boot process of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to bypass Cisco IOS XR image signature verification and load unverified software on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have root-system priv…

SMB Attack Probability Score
10/100low
Weighted: EPSS · CISA KEV · SMB stack prevalence · exploit maturity · CVSS vector
CVSS v3
6.7
EPSS (30d)
0.02%
SMB Exposure
42.5/100
Attack Vector
LOCAL
Complexity
LOW
Privileges
HIGH
🔓
SMB Impact
How this vulnerability affects a real small business
1
How this breaks an SMB

Firewall or VPN compromise gives attackers full internal network access — no further credentials needed. All connected systems are immediately at risk.

2
Typical real-world scenario

Automated scanner identifies the exposed appliance. Within hours, lateral movement begins: file servers, domain controller, and backup systems are reached.

3
Estimated downtime & cost
Est. downtime
3–7 days
Business cost range
€15K–€80K
4
What IT should check this week
Is this appliance directly internet-facing?
Is firmware/OS version patched to latest?
Are admin consoles accessible without MFA?
Is network segmentation between IT and OT/servers active?
Scenarios are generated based on software category and CVE characteristics. Cost ranges reflect SMB incidents in TIRESIS incident database.
Threat Evolution Timeline
From disclosure to predicted exploitation — 3 events
◈ 1 predicted
📋
12 Mar 2025
Vulnerability disclosed
CVE published by NVD with CVSS 6.7 (MEDIUM)
📍
TODAY
Today
EPSS: 0.0% probability of exploitation in next 30 days. SMB Risk Score: 10/100
Forecast →
✅
29 Jun 2026◈ predicted · in 60 days
Predicted: widespread patch adoption
Low EPSS suggests limited active exploitation. Most organizations expected to patch in routine maintenance cycle.
◈ Predicted eventsare estimates based on EPSS score, exploit maturity, and historical CVE progression patterns. They are not guaranteed outcomes.
Affected Products
ncs 57b1-5dse-sys8212-48fh-mncs 540x-4z14g2q-ancs 540x-6z18g-sys-dncs 540x-8z16g-sys-d8101-32h-oncs 540x-6z18g-sys-a88048201-32fh-o8712-mod-mncs 540x-16z8q2c-d8201-24h8fhncs 1014ncs 57b1-6d24-sysncs 10108101-32fh8102-64h-oncs 540-acc-sysncs 540-6z18g-sys-ancs 540-24z8q2c-sys8011-4g24y4h-incs 540x-12z16g-sys-a8122-64eh-oncs 540-12z20g-sys-d
Remediation & References
What to do
💻Local access required — review endpoint hardeninglow

An attacker needs local access to exploit this. Focus on endpoint detection, privilege management, and preventing initial compromise (phishing, malicious USB).

NVD Full Entry ↗Official vulnerability detail, CVSS vectors, CPE listEPSS Score ↗Exploit Prediction Scoring System — FIRST.orgMitre CVE ↗MITRE CVE Program official entry
Vendor & Exploit References
Scoring Methodology

SMB Attack Probability Score weights: EPSS exploit likelihood (35%), CISA KEV active exploitation (25%), SMB stack prevalence (20%), exploit maturity (10%), CVSS network vector complexity (10%). Impact scenarios are derived from software category and historical SMB incident patterns. Scores recompute daily.